varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south
varying terrain: Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga - the world's tallest and third tallest - on the borders with China and India respectively
natural resources: quartz, water, timber, hydropower*, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
*homes could have their own versions of hydropower
environmental problems: deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions
Population: 30,430,267 (2013) number 41 in the world
Drinking water:
improved:
urban: 93% of population
rural: 88% of population
total: 89% of population
unimproved:
urban: 7% of population
rural: 12% of population
total: 11% of population (2010 est.)
Sanitation:
improved:
urban: 48% of population
rural: 27% of population
total: 31% of population
unimproved:
urban: 52% of population
rural: 73% of population
total: 69% of population (2010 est.)
GDP per capita: $1,300 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 208
Agricultural Products: pulses, rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, jute, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat
Industries: tourism, carpets, textiles; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production
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